Today researchers reported the reassuring early results of the largest-ever investigation into the possibility that inducing or augmenting labor increases the risk of autism. The study found no increased risk associated with the practice, which involves an infusion of synthetic oxytocin (Pitocin).
The researchers, from the University of Utah, presented their findings at the annual meeting of the Society of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, in San Diego.
“While some caution is needed before study results undergo rigorous pre-publication review, it's reassuring to see these findings from a very large population study,” comments developmental pediatrician Paul Wang, Autism Speaks head of medical research. “A key to this study was that the investigators controlled for maternal health and pregnancy complications, which we know are associated with increased risk for autism.” Dr. Wang was not involved in the study.
Oxytocin and social behavior
Oxytocin plays a role in many social behaviors, and some individuals with autism have abnormally low levels of the hormone. The idea that inducing labor might increase autism risk stems from the idea that an “overload” of oxytocin during early brain development might reduce the number of oxytocin receptors in the brain.
Some earlier research associated the use of Pitocin with a modest increase in autism rates. But experts cautioned that the link might relate to factors associated with the need to induce or augment labor.
In the new study, the investigators analyzed information from the Utah Registry of Autism and Developmental Disabilities and state birth certificates. They compared the birth histories of 2,547 children with autism to 166,283 unaffected children.
Autism rates were the same (1.3 percent) for children exposed to labor induction and/or augmentation as they were for those who were not – after adjusting for factors such as maternal health and pregnancy-related conditions and events.
"Induction or augmentation of labor is an important strategy to minimize risk to mother and baby in some situations," said study presenter Erin Clark. "The study reassures both patients and physicians that induction or augmentation of labor does not appear to be associated with autism spectrum disorder risk."
To learn more, also see:
Autism and Pitocin: Is There a Connection?